What is the difference between Asperger’s Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Prior to the publication of the DSM-V in 2013, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Asperger’s Syndrome were considered two separate diagnoses. According to the DSM-IV and DSM-V, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability covering a wide spectrum due to the variation in type and severity of symptoms that people with ASD experience. Typically, people with ASD have problems with social skills and communication skills and in many cases, people with ASD interact, communicate, behave and learn in ways that are different from those without ASD. ASD is also characterized by repetitive behaviors and/or restricted interests. These symptoms must be present in the early developmental period. As the name suggests, ASD is a wide spectrum which the DSM-V defines to now include the diagnosis formerly known as Asperger’s Syndrome.

Not everyone with ASD will behave the same or have the same skill deficits or the same strengths. Some with ASD may be higher functioning and some may be lower functioning. There are 3 different severity levels described in the DSM-V with level 1 being the least impacted and level 3 having the most significant impairments and need for supports. Those individuals who displayed more mild symptoms of autism, specifically, those without significant impairment in the area of language, though impairments in socialization and repetitive/restricted patterns of behavior were still present, were previously diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome. Today, the DSM-V would categorize these same individuals as having Autism Spectrum Disorder, possibly with the description of having “level 1” severity level. 

Individuals that fall within this category will likely have relatively normal language and intelligence, but typically have difficulty with social interactions, picking up social cues, poor conversational skills, rigid desires, display clumsiness or uncoordinated movement, and possibly have anxiety and depression. Some strengths they may possess include remarkable focus, persistence, aptitude for recognizing patterns, and great attention to detail. Many learn to overcome their challenges by building on their strengths.

If you suspect that your child may have ASD, a qualified practitioner such as a Clinical Psychologist, Neurologist, or Pediatrician can assist in identifying the need for, or conducting a formal evaluation. Early intervention is a key factor in favorable long-term outcomes, regardless of the severity level of ASD. To speak with one of our clinicians at Behavior Frontiers to find out how we may be able to assist your child with ASD, please fill out the contact form on this page.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020